Risk assessment models have been developed to clarify an individual's 1) lifetime risk of developing breast and/or gynecologic cancer 2) likelihood of having a pathogenic variant in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and 3) likelihood of having a pathogenic variant in one of the mismatch repair genes associated with Lynch syndrome.īreast and ovarian cancer are present in several autosomal dominant cancer syndromes, although they are most strongly associated with highly penetrant germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Both males and females can inherit and transmit an autosomal dominant cancer predisposition gene.Īdditional factors coupled with family history-such as reproductive history, oral contraceptive and hormone replacement use, radiation exposure early in life, alcohol consumption, and physical activity-can influence an individual’s risk of developing cancer. Factors suggestive of a genetic contribution to both breast cancer and gynecologic cancer include 1) an increased incidence of these cancers among individuals with a family history of these cancers 2) multiple family members affected with these and other cancers and 3) a pattern of cancers compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance.

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